The Heterochronous Dataflow (HDF) domain, created by Ye Zhou, is an extension of the Synchronous Dataflow (SDF) domain. In SDF, the set of port rates (called rate signatures) of an actor are constant. In HDF, however, rate signatures are allowed to change between iterations of the HDF schedule. The change of rate signatures can be modeled by state transitions of a modal model, in which each state refinement infers a set of rate signatures. Within each state, the HDF model behaves like an SDF model.